Foot and ankle
Cheilectomy for hallux rigidus
Removes bony prominences that restrict movement and cause pain as the big toe pushes off the ground.
General guidance
When it may be considered
- mild or moderate osteoarthritis
- pain on movement and pressure from footwear
- symptoms persisting despite footwear modification and conservative treatment
Individual decision
How suitability is determined
In advanced osteoarthritis, fusion may provide more predictable pain relief; the choice depends on the remaining movement and the extent of joint damage.
An abnormal scan alone is not an indication for surgery. The symptoms, clinical examination, progression and the patient's goals must be considered together.
Surgical plan
Decisions that tailor the procedure
- pain from dorsal impingement versus pain throughout the joint
- the extent of cartilage loss and the remaining movement
- cheilectomy alone or combined with another procedure
- understanding that the condition may progress and later require fusion
Alternatives
What is discussed before surgery
Stiff-soled or rocker-soled shoes, insoles and activity modification are the first-line options. In advanced osteoarthritis, fusion may provide more predictable pain relief than cheilectomy.
Before the procedure
Preparation and safety
- bring all investigation results, previous operative records and a complete list of medication;
- tell the medical team about diabetes, anticoagulant treatment, allergies, smoking and any active infection;
- do not stop or change long-term medication without instructions from the medical team;
- plan transport, help at home and any recommended assistive devices.
After the procedure
Rehabilitation
Wound protection and a stiff-soled postoperative shoe are followed by progressive mobilisation and a gradual return to activity.
The exact protocol, permitted weight-bearing and follow-up schedule depend on the procedure performed and individual progress.
Informed consent
Risks and limitations
Pain may recur and osteoarthritis may progress; other risks include stiffness, infection and the need for further surgery.
No procedure can guarantee complete pain relief or a return to a particular level of activity.
After surgery
Signs that require prompt medical assessment
- fever, discharge, spreading redness or worsening pain at the wound;
- sudden swelling of the calf, chest pain or difficulty breathing;
- uncontrolled pain, new numbness, or a change in the colour or temperature of the limb.
For severe symptoms or an emergency, call 112. The instructions given to you at discharge take priority over the general information on this page.
Editorial responsibility
Medically reviewed content
Dr. Răzvan Anițaș
Consultant orthopaedic and trauma surgeon; PhD in medical sciences
Last editorial update: 22 August 2026
Medical sources used for patient information
First step
Consultation, diagnosis and an individual treatment recommendation
This information does not replace a consultation. Surgery is recommended only after the individual benefits, alternatives and risks have been assessed.