Identify the problem area
Choose the region and the main symptom. Location provides a starting point, not a diagnosis.
Patient information
Orthopaedic conditions organised by the painful region
Start with the area where you experience pain, stiffness, deformity or instability. You will find clear explanations of common causes, assessment, treatment and situations that require prompt medical attention.
This information is educational and does not replace a medical consultation. Similar symptoms can have different causes.
Choose a region
Find the right information more quickly.
01
Hip
Groin or outer hip pain, stiffness, difficulty walking, or symptoms that developed after joint replacement.
- Groin pain
- Stiffness
- Limping
- Pain after joint replacement
Knee
Pain, swelling, locking, instability, or limitations in walking and sport.
- Pain when walking
- Swelling
- Locking
- Instability
Shoulder
Pain when raising the arm, weakness, stiffness, night pain or instability.
- Night pain
- Weakness
- Stiffness
- Instability
Foot and ankle
Recurrent sprains, deformity, osteoarthritis, pain when walking, Achilles tendon problems, diabetic foot or Charcot neuroarthropathy.
- Unstable ankle
- Deformity
- Pain during weight-bearing
- Warm or swollen foot
How to use this information
From a symptom to a clear clinical plan.
Understand the options
Read about assessment and the role of conservative or surgical treatment for each condition.
Prepare for your consultation
Note when the symptoms began and bring the imaging itself, relevant documents and a list of current medication and treatments.
Warning signs
Some symptoms require prompt assessment.
- deformity, a significant wound or inability to bear weight after injury;
- a cold, pale or blue limb, or sudden loss of sensation;
- a red, hot and very swollen joint, especially with fever;
- in a person with diabetes: a wound, discharge, or a newly warm and swollen foot;
- sudden shortness of breath, chest pain or a severe deterioration in general health.
For an acute or life-threatening situation, call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department.
Editorial standards
Structured medical information for patients
Medical lead for this website: Dr Răzvan Anițaș · Consultant orthopaedic and trauma surgeon; PhD in medical sciences
This content is intended to guide patients and is based on guidelines and educational resources from professional societies. Last editorial update: 21 August 2026.
Appointment
Symptoms become meaningful as part of a complete assessment.
The consultation brings together your history, clinical examination and relevant investigations to determine the appropriate next step.
Medical emergency?
This website does not provide emergency care. In an acute or life-threatening situation, call 112 or go to the nearest emergency department.