Joint replacement · shoulder
Anatomical shoulder replacement
Replaces the humeral head and glenoid surface while preserving normal joint geometry when the rotator cuff is functional.
General guidance
When it may be considered
- glenohumeral osteoarthritis
- osteonecrosis of the humeral head
- selected fracture sequelae
Individual decision
How suitability is determined
Rotator-cuff function, glenoid bone stock, range of motion and the patient's needs are essential when deciding whether surgery is appropriate.
An abnormal scan alone is not an indication for surgery. The symptoms, clinical examination, progression and the patient's goals must be considered together.
Surgical plan
Decisions that tailor the procedure
- confirming that the rotator cuff is functional
- glenoid version and bone loss
- soft-tissue balancing and protection of the subscapularis tendon
- choosing between an anatomic and a reverse shoulder replacement
Alternatives
What is discussed before surgery
Physiotherapy, activity modification, pain relief and selected injections may temporarily control osteoarthritis symptoms. Arthroscopic procedures cannot restore diffusely damaged glenohumeral cartilage.
Before the procedure
Preparation and safety
- bring all investigation results, previous operative records and a complete list of medication;
- tell the medical team about diabetes, anticoagulant treatment, allergies, smoking and any active infection;
- do not stop or change long-term medication without instructions from the medical team;
- plan transport, help at home and any recommended assistive devices.
After the procedure
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation protects the repaired tissues while progressively restoring movement, controlling pain and improving arm function.
The exact protocol, permitted weight-bearing and follow-up schedule depend on the procedure performed and individual progress.
Informed consent
Risks and limitations
Possible complications include infection, stiffness, instability, wear, fracture and the need for revision surgery.
No procedure can guarantee complete pain relief or a return to a particular level of activity.
After surgery
Signs that require prompt medical assessment
- fever, discharge, spreading redness or worsening pain at the wound;
- sudden swelling of the calf, chest pain or difficulty breathing;
- uncontrolled pain, new numbness, or a change in the colour or temperature of the limb.
For severe symptoms or an emergency, call 112. The instructions given to you at discharge take priority over the general information on this page.
Editorial responsibility
Medically reviewed content
Dr. Răzvan Anițaș
Consultant orthopaedic and trauma surgeon; PhD in medical sciences
Last editorial update: 22 August 2026
Medical sources used for patient information
First step
Consultation, diagnosis and an individual treatment recommendation
This information does not replace a consultation. Surgery is recommended only after the individual benefits, alternatives and risks have been assessed.